
Health insurance can be a complex and overwhelming topic, but the truth is, some parts of it are indeed a scam. You need to know what to look out for to avoid getting taken advantage of.
Many people are unaware that insurance companies often use tactics like denying claims or lowballing payouts to maximize their profits. This is a clear example of a scam.
The good news is that you have rights as a policyholder. You have the right to appeal denied claims and fight for the coverage you're entitled to. This is a crucial aspect of health insurance that you need to know.
Insurance companies are required by law to provide clear and concise information about your policy, including what's covered and what's not. However, many companies fail to do so, leaving consumers in the dark.
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Warning Signs
Government agencies never call people out of the blue to ask for money or personal information. They won't ask you to verify your Social Security, bank account, or credit card number, and they won't ask you to wire money or pay by gift card or cryptocurrency.
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Scammers may try to convince you that you need to pay a fee for a new Medicare card, but you never need to pay for a new card. Medicare will never call out of the blue to say you'll lose coverage.
If someone wants your sensitive personal information in exchange for a price quote, it's likely a scam. The official government site for the Affordable Care Act is HealthCare.gov, and it only asks for your monthly income and age to give you a price quote.
Be wary of people who offer to help with the Health Insurance Marketplace for a fee. Legitimate help is free, and they won't ask for personal or financial information.
Here are some warning signs to watch out for:
- Someone claims to be from the government and asks for money or personal info.
- You're told to pay a fee for a new Medicare card.
- Someone wants your sensitive personal info for a price quote.
- You're offered help with the Health Insurance Marketplace for a fee.
Prevention and Protection
Protecting yourself from health care fraud is crucial, and it starts with being informed. You should protect your health insurance ID card like you would a credit card, and don't give out policy numbers to door-to-door salespeople or over the Internet.
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Reporting suspected fraud is also key. If you suspect you may be a victim of health insurance fraud, call your insurance company immediately. Most insurers now offer the ability to report suspected fraud online through their website.
To stay protected, you should also be knowledgeable about and aware of the health care services you receive. Keep good records of your medical care and closely review all medical bills you receive. Be wary of "free" offers, as they are often fraud schemes designed to bill you and your insurance company illegally for thousands of dollars of treatments you never received.
Here are some common scams to watch out for:
- Don't give your Social Security, credit card, bank account, or phone numbers to anyone offering an "ACA card." There's no such thing.
- Be cautious of people pushing an ACA health plan, as you don't have to buy a new plan if you already have health insurance through your job, Medicare, or Medicaid.
- Shut the door on con artists, as health insurers don't make door-to-door sales calls.
- Watch out for fake government workers who may ask for your health information to "update it in the system." No such workers exist.
What to Do Before Signing Up
When comparing health insurance plans, visit a trusted source like HealthCare.gov to get comprehensive, ACA-compliant coverage.
Research any company offering health coverage by searching online for their name along with words like "complaint", "scam", or "fraud." Read reviews and see what others have to say.

Check if the plan is really health insurance by looking for a license from your state insurance commissioner. If they don't have a license, it's not insurance.
Don't accept vague answers from a salesperson. If they won't give you specific details about the coverage or can't answer your questions clearly, that's a red flag.
A legitimate plan representative should be able to answer your questions without passing you on to another source. Get free help navigating the Health Insurance Marketplace at HealthCare.gov (click "Find Local Help").
To ensure you're getting a real policy, insist on seeing a statement of benefits or a complete copy of the policy. Make sure anything the salesperson told you about coverage is written in the statement of benefits.
If a salesperson says the plan is through a major insurer, check with that company to confirm. Some scammers use fake logos and marketing materials to make themselves look legit.
Here are some steps to take before signing up for health insurance:
- Visit HealthCare.gov to compare plans, coverage, and prices.
- Research any company offering health coverage by searching online for their name along with words like "complaint", "scam", or "fraud."
- Check if the plan is really health insurance by looking for a license from your state insurance commissioner.
- Don't accept vague answers from a salesperson.
- Insist on seeing a statement of benefits or a complete copy of the policy.
- Check with the major insurer if a salesperson says the plan is through them.
Stay Protected

Protect your health insurance ID card like you would a credit card. In the wrong hands, it's a license to steal.
Be informed about the health care services you receive, keep good records of your medical care, and closely review all medical bills you receive. This will help you spot any suspicious expenses.
Read your policy and benefits statements carefully, and make sure you actually received the treatments for which your insurance was charged. Question any expenses that seem suspicious or don't match your records.
Beware of "free" offers that seem too good to be true. Offers of free health care services, tests, or treatments are often scams designed to bill you and your insurance company illegally for thousands of dollars of treatments you never received.
Here are some common scams to watch out for:
- Fake government workers who ask for your health information to "update it in the system"
- Con artists who promise low prices, no medical exams, and guaranteed acceptance
- Fake insurance sites that mimic legitimate health insurance companies' websites
- Scammers who ask you to pay a fee for a new Medicare card or you'll lose your Medicare coverage
- Scammers who want your sensitive personal information in exchange for a price quote
To stay protected, remember:
- Guard your digits: don't give out your Social Security, credit card, bank account, or phone numbers to anyone.
- Shut the door on con artists: health insurers don't make door-to-door sales calls.
- Watch out for fake government workers: no one from the government will ask you to verify your personal information or wire money.
- Be cautious of fake insurance sites: make sure you're using a company's real website.
- Don't pay for help with the Health Insurance Marketplace: legitimate help is free and won't ask for personal or financial information.
Types of Scams
Scammers often use familiar techniques to steal your money and personal information. Government agencies don't call people out of the blue to ask for money or personal information, and they won't ask you to wire money or pay by gift card or cryptocurrency.
Scammers may try to convince you that you need to pay a fee for a new Medicare card or that you'll lose your Medicare coverage if you don't pay. But Medicare will never call out of the blue to say you'll lose coverage, and you never need to pay for a new card.
Some common types of scams include:
- Billing for services that were never rendered
- Billing for more expensive services or procedures than were actually provided
- Performing medically unnecessary services to generate insurance payments
- Misrepresenting non-covered treatments as medically necessary
- Falsifying a patient's diagnosis and medical record
- Unbundling - billing for each step of a procedure as if they are separate procedures
- Billing a patient more than the required co-pay amount
- Accepting kickbacks for patient referrals
- Waiving patient co-pays or deductibles and over-billing the insurance carrier
What It Looks Like
Health care fraud is a serious issue that can take many forms. In some cases, it's committed by a small number of dishonest health care providers who use their position of trust to commit ongoing fraud.
These providers often use genuine patient information, sometimes obtained through identity theft, to fabricate entire claims or pad legitimate claims with charges for procedures that didn't take place. They may also use a range of variables to formulate their schemes, including the entire population of patients and the entire range of potential medical conditions and treatments.
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Some common types of health care fraud include billing for services that were never rendered, upcoding, and performing medically unnecessary services solely for insurance payments. These schemes can be particularly distressing, as they often involve deceitful providers who sully the reputation of honest doctors.
Here are some common types of health care fraud:
- Billing for services that were never rendered
- Billing for more expensive services or procedures than were actually provided (upcoding)
- Performing medically unnecessary services solely for insurance payments
- Misrepresenting non-covered treatments as medically necessary covered treatments
- Falsifying a patient's diagnosis and medical record
- Unbundling (billing for each step of a procedure as if they are separate procedures)
- Billing a patient more than the required co-pay amount
- Accepting kickbacks for patient referrals
- Waiving patient co-pays or deductibles and over-billing the insurance carrier
Shared Responsibility
We all contribute to the problem of health care fraud, whether we realize it or not. In 2018, $3.6 trillion was spent on health care in the United States.
The financial losses due to health care fraud are staggering, with the National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association estimating tens of billions of dollars each year.
Health care fraud inevitably translates into higher premiums and out-of-pocket expenses for consumers, as well as reduced benefits or coverage. This increased expense can be the difference between making health insurance a reality or not.
For employers, health care fraud increases the cost of providing insurance benefits to employees, which in turn increases the overall cost of doing business.
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Medical Identity Theft
Medical identity theft is a serious crime that can have devastating effects on your financial and medical health. More than 2 million Americans have been victims of this crime, according to the Medical Identity Theft Alliance (MIFA).
It's a type of identity theft that occurs when someone uses your name or identifying information to obtain medical services or submit false insurance claims. This can result in erroneous information being added to your medical record.
Victims of medical identity theft may receive the wrong medical treatment. They could also become uninsurable for life insurance coverage.
A medical identity theft victim may unexpectedly fail a physical exam for employment because a disease or condition has been unknowingly documented in their health record.
Home
Home scams are a serious concern, especially for those who rely on government benefits like Medicare. Government agencies never call people out of the blue to ask for money or personal information, so be cautious of scammers who claim to be from the government.

If you're contacted by someone claiming to be from the government, don't give them any information. Instead, contact the government directly to verify their claims. For Medicare, you can call 1-800-MEDICARE (1-800-633-4227) or visit Medicare.gov.
Home health care scams are another type of home scam, where home health agencies bill for unnecessary or undelivered services. This can be a form of Medicare or Medicaid fraud, so be sure to check the legitimacy of any home health care services.
To protect yourself from home scams, remember that you never need to pay for a new Medicare card, and Medicare will never call to say you'll lose coverage. Also, be wary of scammers who want your sensitive personal information in exchange for a price quote or to help with the Health Insurance Marketplace.
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Reporting and Prevention
Protecting yourself from health care fraud is crucial, so keep your health insurance ID card safe, just like you would a credit card.
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Report any suspected fraud to your insurance company immediately, and most insurers now offer the ability to report suspected fraud online through their website.
Being informed is key, so keep good records of your medical care and review all medical bills carefully.
Health care fraud is a serious crime that costs the nation billions of dollars each year, resulting in higher health insurance premiums and out-of-pocket expenses for consumers.
Here are some common forms of health care fraud to be aware of:
- Health Insurance and Medical Billing
- Medicare and Medicaid Fraud
- Home Health Care Fraud
- Drug Fraud and Abuse
Report Waste or Abuse
If you suspect health care waste or abuse, you can report it to the relevant authorities. The National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association Headquarters can be contacted at 202.659.5955.
To report health care fraud in Texas, visit the HHSC website. You can also report suspected fraud to your insurance company immediately.
It's essential to keep good records of your medical care and review all medical bills carefully. Be informed about the health care services you receive and question suspicious expenses.
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You can report health care fraud, waste, or abuse by recipients or providers in the Texas Health and Human Services by visiting the HHSC website.
If you're a victim of health insurance scams, don't panic. You can report suspected scams to your insurance company or visit the BCBSIL library to learn more about health insurance scams.
Here are some common areas to watch out for when it comes to health care fraud:
- Health Insurance and Medical Billing
- Medicare and Medicaid Fraud
- Home Health Care Fraud
- Drug Fraud and Abuse
The Consumer Protection Division of the Office of the Attorney General aims to help educate consumers on how to recognize fraud and abuse and how to file a complaint with the appropriate agency.
Private-Public Collaboration Essential
The National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association (NHCAA) is a prime example of successful private-public collaboration. Founded in 1985 by private insurers and law enforcement personnel, it represents the combined efforts of private health payers and government agencies.
This collaboration is essential in preventing and investigating health care fraud. The NHCAA facilitates the sharing of investigative information among health insurers and government agencies.
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NHCAA members include the anti-fraud units of most private health payers and the entire spectrum of federal and state law enforcement and regulatory agencies. This collective effort helps to detect and prosecute health care fraud.
The NHCAA Institute for Health Care Fraud Prevention provides professional education and training to industry and government anti-fraud investigators. This training helps to equip investigators with the necessary skills to prevent and investigate health care fraud.
By working together, private and public sectors can effectively prevent and investigate health care fraud.
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Specific Scams
Some health insurance scams are more specific and targeted, preying on people's trust in certain industries or organizations.
One such scam is the "insurance broker scam", where individuals pose as licensed insurance brokers to sell fake policies.
This scam often targets people who are new to the country or have limited knowledge of the healthcare system.
A scammer may promise to help someone navigate the complex process of finding affordable health insurance, but in reality, they're just trying to make a quick profit.
Medical Discount Plans
Medical discount plans are not a substitute for health insurance, but they can offer legitimate discounts on certain services or products. They typically require a monthly fee for access to a list of participating providers.
Some dishonest marketers may make it sound like they're selling health insurance, but medical discount plans are not insurance. Check with your state's insurance commissioner's office to see if the plan is licensed.
Legitimate plans should be willing to send you written information and give you time to check out their claims before enrolling. Pressure to sign up quickly or threats of missing out on a "special deal" are red flags.
If a plan promises "up to" discounts, be wary - savings with discount plans are often much less than promised. It's also a good idea to confirm the details with the providers on the plan's list.
Here are some tips to help you avoid scams:
- Confirm the details with the providers on the plan's list.
- Avoid plans that promise "up to" discounts.
- Check with your state's insurance commissioner's office to see if the plan is licensed.
- Don't sign up on the spot - take time to check out the plan's claims.
- Never give your financial information to someone who calls you unexpectedly.
False Patient Data
More than 2 million Americans have been victims of medical identity theft, with perpetrators using stolen information to obtain medical services or submit false insurance claims.
Medical identity theft can lead to erroneous information being added to a person's medical record, or even the creation of an entirely fictitious record in their name.
Victims may receive the wrong medical treatment, become uninsurable for life insurance coverage, or find that their medical record shows diagnoses they don't actually have.
This can even cause them to fail a physical exam for employment due to a disease or condition that's been unknowingly documented in their health record.
False patient diagnoses, treatment, and medical histories are common in health care fraud schemes, where perpetrators enter false information into medical records to submit bogus insurance claims.
These phony or inflated diagnoses become part of the patient's documented medical history, at least in the health insurer's records, until discovery is made.
In one notable case, a Miami-Dade psychiatrist pleaded guilty to conspiracy and was sentenced to over 12 years in federal prison for entering false psychiatric diagnoses into patients' medical records, resulting in over $20 million in undeserved disability payments.
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Medicare Scams
Medicare scams are a serious issue, and it's essential to know how to spot them. Government agencies like Medicare don't call people out of the blue to ask for money or personal information.
Scammers often try to trick people into paying for new Medicare cards or services. But the truth is, you never need to pay for a new Medicare card, and Medicare will never call to say you'll lose coverage. If you're unsure about your Medicare coverage, contact Medicare directly at 1-800-MEDICARE (1-800-633-4227).
Some scammers may offer to help with the Health Insurance Marketplace, but legitimate helpers won't charge you or ask for personal or financial information. If you need help with the Marketplace, go to HealthCare.gov and click "Find Local Help" to learn more.
Be cautious of unsolicited offers, especially from people who come to your door. Medicare Part D providers can only visit your home if you've invited them, and they won't pressure you into enrolling in a plan. You have from October 15 to December 7 of every year to decide on a plan for the following year, so take your time and don't feel rushed.
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Here are some red flags to watch out for:
- Scammers say they're from the government and need money or personal information
- Scammers offer to help with the Health Insurance Marketplace for a fee
- Scammers claim you need to pay for a new Medicare card or services
- Scammers come to your door with unsolicited offers
If you suspect a scam, report it to the authorities immediately. You can also contact Medicare directly to verify any information or ask questions. Remember, it's always better to be safe than sorry when it comes to your Medicare benefits.
Insurance and Billing
Insurance and Billing scams are on the rise, and it's essential to be aware of the common tactics used by scammers. Billing for services not actually performed is a common practice, where a healthcare provider or individual deceives an insurer to receive greater reimbursement.
Upcoding is another sneaky method, where a service is billed as a more expensive procedure than what was actually performed. This can result in higher payments from the insurance company.
Unbundling is also a form of billing fraud, where each stage of a procedure is billed separately, making it seem like multiple procedures were performed. This can lead to significant over-billing.
Falsifying a patient's diagnosis is a serious offense, where a healthcare provider intentionally misrepresents a patient's condition to justify unnecessary procedures. This can put patients at risk and waste valuable healthcare resources.
Accepting kickbacks for patient referrals is another form of corruption, where a healthcare provider receives payment or other incentives for referring patients to certain services or providers.
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Drug Abuse
Drug abuse is a serious issue in the healthcare system. It's often carried out by individuals in positions of trust.
There are several types of drug abuse, including drug diversion abuse, where a healthcare worker keeps medication meant for a patient for personal profit.
Drug diversion abuse can have severe consequences, including harm to the patient who doesn't receive the necessary medication.
It's estimated that millions of dollars' worth of medication is diverted each year, with some cases involving large quantities of high-value medications.
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Here are some common types of drug abuse:
- Drug pricing fraud: a physician dishonestly prescribes unnecessary medication to a patient in order to profit from the sale.
- Counterfeit drug fraud: a physician knowingly pushes stolen, expired or altered or fake prescription drugs.
- Drug diversion abuse: a healthcare worker does not administer a patient’s medication but keeps it for personal profit.
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