Rosatom Corporation Structure and Activities

The Rosatom Corporation is a Russian state-owned nuclear energy corporation with a complex structure and diverse activities. At its core, Rosatom is a holding company that oversees a vast network of subsidiaries and affiliates.

Rosatom's main subsidiaries include Atomstroyexport, which is responsible for the construction of nuclear power plants abroad, and TVEL, which is the largest manufacturer of nuclear fuel in the world. These subsidiaries play a crucial role in the corporation's global operations.

Rosatom's structure is designed to facilitate the development and implementation of nuclear energy projects worldwide. The corporation's activities span from nuclear fuel production to nuclear power plant construction and operation.

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Rosatom's organization structure is quite complex, with 356 various organizational and legal forms as of early 2021. This includes enterprises for the exploration and production of natural uranium, conversion and enrichment of uranium, production of nuclear fuel, electricity and equipment, and development of new technologies for the nuclear fuel and gas centrifuge platform.

The civilian assets of the Russian nuclear industry are concentrated within Rosatom's holding company Atomenergoprom, which unites 222 enterprises as of December 2020. This holding company is a key part of Rosatom's overall structure.

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Rosatom has a vast organizational structure, comprising 356 various organizational and legal forms as of early 2021.

The company is divided into multiple divisions, with some belonging to the enterprises of the nuclear power complex.

Rosatom's nuclear power complex includes organizations for the exploration and production of natural uranium, conversion and enrichment of uranium, production of nuclear fuel, electricity, and equipment.

This complex also involves the development of new technologies for the nuclear fuel and gas centrifuge platform.

Atomenergoprom, a holding company, unites 222 civilian assets within the Russian nuclear industry.

The Rosatom companies are integrated into multiple divisions, which likely helps with efficient management and coordination.

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The General Director plays a crucial role in managing the day-to-day operations of Rosatom.

Sergey Kiriyenko was the first General Director of Rosatom, taking on the role since its creation until he was replaced in 2016.

Here are the notable General Directors of Rosatom:

Alexey Likhachev, a former Deputy Minister for Economic Development, has been leading Rosatom since 2016, taking over from Sergey Kiriyenko.

Rosatom is a diverse organization with various divisions that cater to different aspects of the nuclear industry. The Mining division is responsible for uranium mining, with key daughter companies including JSC Khiagda and JSC Dalur.

Uranium One is a separate global mining company that operates directly under Rosatom with a diverse portfolio of assets in Kazakhstan, the United States, and Tanzania. The SNF reprocessing is carried out at the Mayak Production Association at the RT-1 plant.

The Fuel division is led by JSC TVEL, which is a leading organization on the global nuclear fuel cycle front-end market and the only supplier of nuclear fuel for Russian NPPs and the nuclear-powered icebreaker fleet.

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The mining division of Rosatom is a significant part of the company's operations. It's led by JSC Atomredmetzoloto, which brings together Russian uranium mining assets under one umbrella.

JSC Khiagda and JSC Dalur are two key daughter companies within this division. They play a crucial role in Rosatom's mining efforts.

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Uranium One is a separate global mining company that operates directly under Rosatom, with a diverse portfolio of assets in Kazakhstan, the United States, and Tanzania.

The spent nuclear fuel from various sources is processed at the Mayak Production Association's RT-1 plant. This includes fuel from power reactors, research reactors, and naval fleet transport power plants.

Rosatom's long-term strategy for nuclear energy development was adopted in 2018 and aims to achieve four main goals by 2020. The strategy includes forming the basis for carbon-free energy generation and being competitive in other forms of energy generation.

To achieve these goals, Rosatom is transitioning to a two-component nuclear power structure. This structure operates in a closed-loop heavy metal fuel cycle that involves thermal and fast reactors.

The two-component structure consists of VVER reactors as thermal reactors and BN and BREST/BR reactors as fast reactors. VVER reactors have been improved to meet the requirements of the new structure.

In this system, spent nuclear fuel is considered a valuable raw material, not nuclear waste, as it can be further used for fresh fuel fabrication.

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The Engineering Division is a crucial part of Rosatom's operations, responsible for managing the construction of complex engineering facilities. This division is led by JSC ASE EC, which has extensive capabilities for managing the construction of large NPPs in Russia and abroad.

The main business areas of the Engineering Division include the design and construction of large NPPs, as well as developing digital technologies for managing complex engineering facilities based on the Multi-D platform. Key companies in this division include JSC Atomenergoproekt and JSC ATOMPROEKT.

Rosatom's Engineering Division has a wide range of capabilities, including the design and construction of large NPPs, which are critical for generating electricity and heat in Russia and abroad. These NPPs are designed to be efficient and safe, with a focus on minimizing environmental impact.

The division also plays a key role in developing digital technologies for managing complex engineering facilities, which is essential for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of NPPs. This includes the use of the Multi-D platform, which provides a comprehensive and integrated approach to managing NPPs.

Here are some key companies involved in the Engineering Division:

These companies are critical to the success of the Engineering Division and play a key role in designing and constructing large NPPs, as well as developing digital technologies for managing complex engineering facilities.

The Nuclear Medicine Division is a key area of focus for Rosatom, with a managing company of JSC Rusatom Healthcare. This division brings together assets and expertise in healthcare to create integrated solutions.

JSC Rusatom Healthcare has a rich history of development within the Russian nuclear industry. It was established in 2017 to unite various enterprises and create a comprehensive approach to nuclear medicine.

The Nuclear Medicine Division is responsible for nuclear medicine, manufacturing and distribution of radioisotope products, and radiation sterilization equipment. This broad scope of responsibilities allows for a wide range of applications and solutions.

Key companies within the division include JSC Isotope and NIITFA. These companies play a crucial role in the development and distribution of radioisotope products.

In 2022, Rusatom Healthcare acquired a significant stake in the Medscan group, further expanding its reach and capabilities. This acquisition has enabled the division to meet the needs of the Russian market and export isotope products to over 50 countries worldwide.

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Research Reactors are a crucial part of Russia's nuclear energy sector, with 54 research reactors maintained by the IAEA's Research Reactor Database (RRDB).

Most of these reactors were built in the USSR's early stages of nuclear energy development, with many located at Rosatom enterprises and institutes.

The Multipurpose Fast Neutron Research Reactor (MBIR) is currently under construction in Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk oblast, and will be the world leader among high-flux research facilities.

Rosatom is also involved in international collaborations, providing support to foreign partners in creating nuclear science and technology centres, including research reactors.

One such centre is being built in Bolivia, which is expected to be commissioned in 2024, and another contract was signed in 2018 for a similar facility in Zambia.

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Rosatom has a significant presence in the international market, with a market share of 74% in foreign NPP construction projects. This makes it the world's largest portfolio of foreign NPP construction projects.

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Between 2000 and 2015, Rosatom was the supplier in around half of all international agreements on nuclear power plant construction, reactor, and fuel supply, decommissioning or waste. Russia has formalized agreements with 54 countries as of 2023.

As of the end of 2023, Rosatom's portfolio of nuclear power plant construction projects abroad included 33 power units in 10 countries, with 22 power units in 7 countries under construction. This represents 37% of nuclear reactors under construction worldwide, with most being built with Rosatom's OKB Gidropress' VVER type.

Rosatom received $66.5 billion of foreign orders in 2012, including $28.9 billion for nuclear plant construction, $24.7 billion for uranium products, and $12.9 billion for nuclear fuel exports and associated activities. In 2020, this number increased to $138.3 billion, with $89.1 billion for nuclear plant construction.

Rosatom, the Russian corporation, has a significant presence in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Fact 2 states that Rosatom is a "friend" in the IAEA.

Mikhail Chudakov, the Deputy Director General of the IAEA, has a history of working with Rosatom, which has raised concerns about his influence on the agency's decisions. In March 2022, Greenpeace International called for his removal from the post.

Chudakov heads the IAEA's Department of Nuclear Energy, and his role gives Rosatom access to sensitive information about countries' plans for nuclear energy programs. This information is then used by Rosatom to make stunning offers to potential customers, backed by Russian government loans.

The El-Dabaa NPP in Egypt is a prime example of this, where 85% of the project's construction cost is financed by a state loan of USD 25 billion from the Russian Federation.

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Rosatom has been a major player in the international nuclear market, with a significant presence in over 50 countries worldwide.

Between 2000 and 2015, the company was the supplier in around half of all international agreements on nuclear power plant construction, reactor, and fuel supply, decommissioning or waste.

Russia has various diplomatic ties with different countries via nuclear energy diplomacy.

Rosatom's portfolio of foreign nuclear power plant construction projects is the largest in the world, with a market share of 74% as of the end of 2023.

The company has 33 power units in 10 countries, with 22 power units in 7 countries currently under construction.

37% of nuclear reactors under construction worldwide are being built by Rosatom, with the OKB Gidropress' VVER type being a popular choice.

In 2020, Rosatom received $138.3 billion of foreign orders, including $89.1 billion for nuclear plant construction.

The company has successfully completed projects in China, India, and Iran, either designing and building the power plants or participating in their construction.

However, some plans for Russian-built nuclear power plants have been canceled due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

One notable example is the Hanhikivi NPP project in Finland, which was canceled in May 2022 due to the invasion.

Rosatom has also faced failed bids, including the cancellation of Units 3 and 4 of the Khmelnytskyi NPP in Ukraine.

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Rosatom has been involved in large-scale activities in occupied Ukrainian territories, particularly in the Zaporizhzhia NPP, where its employees have been exercising effective control since March 11, 2022.

The corporation established a separate company, Zaporizhzhia NPP Operating Organization JSC, within Rosatom, to which Zaporizhzhia NPP employees were transferred to continue fulfilling their obligations.

Rosatom buys electricity generated in the occupied territories, covering approximately 70% of consumption, and sells it to suppliers in the occupied territories through its entity, Yediny Zakupshchik LLC.

The situation faced by the plant's personnel and their families is extremely difficult, with facts of abductions, torture, and murder of plant employees and the involvement of Rosatom representatives reported.

Ukraine has imposed sanctions on Rosatom's top managers and entities, targeting those involved in attempts to integrate the captured Zaporizhzhia NPP into Russia's energy system.

The Northern Sea Route is a crucial project for Rosatom, which was appointed its infrastructure operator in late 2018. They're working to organize ship navigation and develop the infrastructure of seaports, including energy.

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Rosatom's goal is to create a navigation safety system and provide navigational and hydrographic support. This will help ensure safe passage for ships along the route.

Several Rosatom entities are involved in developing international transit sea freight traffic along the Northern Sea Transit Corridor. Key companies include FSUE Atomflot, Directorate of the Northern Sea Route, and Rusatom Cargo.

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Rosatom has faced several challenges and controversies over the years. One major concern is the company's role in the development of nuclear weapons.

The company's involvement in the construction of the VVER-1200 reactor in Turkey has been a source of tension between Russia and Turkey. This project has been stalled due to disagreements over the reactor's design.

Rosatom has also faced criticism for its handling of nuclear waste disposal. The company has been accused of lacking transparency in its waste management practices.

The Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in India has been plagued by safety concerns and protests from local residents. Rosatom has been involved in the construction of this plant, which has been delayed multiple times.

Rosatom's expansion into the Middle East has raised concerns about the company's ability to meet international safety standards. The company has been accused of prioritizing profits over safety in its overseas projects.

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Rosatom's supervisory board is the highest executive body, consisting of nine members, including the chairman, Sergey Kiriyenko, who has been heading the board since 2005.

The board is made up of high-ranking officials from various government agencies and ministries, including the Military-Industrial Commission, the President's administration, and the Ministry of Energy.

One notable member is Alexey Likhachev, who serves as the General Director of Rosatom, indicating a direct link between the supervisory board and the company's management.

Here is a list of the supervisory board members:

The supervisory board is the highest executive body of Rosatom, and it's headed by chairman Sergey Kiriyenko since 2005. He's the one in charge.

The board consists of nine people, including the chairman, and they're all highly influential individuals in their respective fields. Igor Borovkov, for example, is the head of the apparatus of the Military-Industrial Commission, which is a significant position.

Larisa Brychyova is the Assistant to the President of Russia, which gives her a unique perspective on the board's decisions. Alexey Likhachev, on the other hand, is the General Director of Rosatom, making him a key player in the company's operations.

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Andrei Klepach is the Deputy Minister for Economic Development, which means he's responsible for overseeing the economic aspects of the company. Sergey Korolev is the Director for Economic Security of the Federal Security Service, which is a crucial role in ensuring the company's economic stability.

Alexander Novak is the Minister of Energy of Russia, which gives him a deep understanding of the energy sector. Yuriy P. Trutnev is the representative of the President of Russia in the Far-Eastern Federal District, which is a significant position in terms of regional governance.

Yuriy V. Ushakov is also an Assistant to the President of Russia, which means he has a close relationship with the president and can provide valuable insights to the board.

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In the realm of governance, keylists play a crucial role in providing a snapshot of industry leaders and trends. Here are some notable keylists that demonstrate this.

ROSATOM, the Russian Federation's national nuclear technology company, is a prime example of a company that integrates various enterprises and organizations, including research institutes in the civilian and defense sectors. It also participates in mining projects in the Arctic region.

The company provides a wide range of services in the nuclear production chain, from uranium exploration and mining to nuclear fuel fabrication and power generation. This level of diversification is a key feature of many successful companies.

Here are some keylists that highlight industry leaders in various sectors: