
Understanding FMLA undue hardship is crucial for both employers and employees. An employer is considered to have undue hardship if providing FMLA leave would cause significant difficulty or expense.
In fact, the Department of Labor defines undue hardship as a situation where providing FMLA leave would require the employer to "unduly burden" the business. This can include financial burdens, such as increased costs or decreased productivity.
For employees, it's essential to understand what constitutes undue hardship to ensure they receive the benefits they're entitled to. The FMLA law requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with serious health conditions.
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Reasonable Accommodations
Family and Medical Leave can help employees take the necessary time away from work to deal with their own medical issues or the medical issues of their immediate family. Employers must accommodate this employee's need for time off without threatening employment.
FMLA leave requires reasonable accommodations, including offering intermittent time off, finding other avenues to allow employees to work from home if the leave causes an undue hardship, and finding a comparable position for the employee to return to work. These accommodations can help if you cannot afford to hold their exact position open.
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An employer's best practice is to consider leave as a reasonable accommodation under the ADA. The ADA allows an indeterminate amount of leave, barring undue hardship, as a reasonable accommodation.
A qualified individual with a disability must be allowed additional leave time beyond the twelve weeks guaranteed under the FMLA/CFRA, so long as that additional leave time would not constitute an undue hardship on the employer.
The only basis to deny leave requested as a reasonable accommodation is because it would be an undue hardship for the employer.
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Employer Obligations
As an employer, you have a responsibility to provide reasonable accommodations to your employees under the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA). If granting FMLA leave would cause an undue hardship, you must find alternative ways to accommodate your employee's needs.
Allowing employees to work from home or providing physical accommodations at the office can help them continue working with an injury or illness.
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If an employee needs to care for a newborn child or newly adopted or fostered child, you may consider offering time off to attend doctor's appointments or allowing them to bring the child to work.
Employers must accommodate an employee's need for time off without threatening their employment.
Here are some alternative FMLA accommodations you can consider:
- Allowing employees to work from home
- Allowing intermittent leave
- Hiring an intern to complete tasks while the employee is out on leave
- Providing physical accommodations at the office
- Offering time off to attend doctor’s appointments
- Offering employees the option to bring their newborn child or newly adopted or fostered child to work
Under the ADA, a qualified employee with a disability may be entitled to leave as a reasonable accommodation even if they have not worked at the company for 12 months or have already exhausted 12 weeks of FMLA leave.
The only basis to deny leave requested as a reasonable accommodation is because it would be an undue hardship for the employer.
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Leave and Work Arrangements
If you're an employer dealing with an employee's FMLA leave, you might wonder if they can continue working in some capacity while on leave. The good news is that the FMLA doesn't prohibit employees from working from home while on leave, but this must be agreed upon between the employer and employee.
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You can work from home while on FMLA leave if you and your employer agree to it.
If your employer can't accommodate your FMLA leave due to an undue hardship, they're not entirely off the hook. They must find alternative ways to accommodate your needs, such as allowing you to work from home, providing physical accommodations at the office, or offering time off to attend doctor's appointments.
Alternative FMLA accommodations may include:
- Allowing you to work from home.
- Allowing you intermittent leave
- Hiring an intern to complete tasks while you are out on leave.
- Providing physical accommodations at the office to allow you to work with your injury or illness requiring leave.
- Offering time off to attend doctor’s appointments.
- Offering you the option to bring your newborn child or newly adopted or fostered child to work.
It's worth noting that an employee doesn't need to be fully recovered before returning to work. If they've recovered enough to do their job with accommodations, their employer must allow them to return.
Best Practices and Handling
When dealing with FMLA undue hardship, it's essential to understand how to handle employee leaves of absence. EEOC Commissioner Chai Feldblum emphasizes that "leave" can be a reasonable accommodation under the ADA.
Employers must consider using leave as a reasonable accommodation, as Commissioner Feldblum co-presented on this topic. This approach can be particularly useful when dealing with employees who have exhausted their FMLA leave.
To effectively handle FMLA undue hardship, employers should examine the use of leave as a reasonable accommodation under the ADA.
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Should Employer Offer Alternative Accommodations?
If an employer cannot provide FMLA leave due to an undue hardship, they must find other ways to accommodate your needs.
An employer may deny FMLA leave if it causes them an undue hardship, which is determined on a case-by-case basis considering factors like the nature of the accommodation, cost, and size of the business.
Alternative FMLA accommodations may include allowing you to work from home, providing physical accommodations at the office, or offering time off to attend doctor's appointments.
Some employers may claim that giving you leave causes an undue hardship, especially if they stand to lose money if you cannot do your job.
If you believe your employer unjustly denies you FMLA leave or alternative accommodations, contact a qualified employment lawyer to help you stand up for your rights at work.
Alternative FMLA accommodations may include:
- Allowing you to work from home.
- Allowing you intermittent leave
- Hiring an intern to complete tasks while you are out on leave.
- Providing physical accommodations at the office to allow you to work with your injury or illness requiring leave.
- Offering time off to attend doctor’s appointments.
- Offering you the option to bring your newborn child or newly adopted or fostered child to work.
EEOC Commissioner on Post-FMLA Leave Handling
EEOC Commissioner Chai Feldblum emphasizes that leave can be a reasonable accommodation under the ADA, even after FMLA is exhausted.
The ADA allows an indeterminate amount of leave, barring undue hardship, as a reasonable accommodation. This means that an employee cannot be forced to be fully recovered before returning to work.
Employers must consider leave as a reasonable accommodation, even if the employee has not worked at the company for a year or has not worked 1,250 hours.
The only basis to deny leave requested as a reasonable accommodation is because it would be an undue hardship for the employer.
Here are some key points to keep in mind:
- The employer has no eligibility requirements related to duration at employment or number of hours worked.
- Leave can be a reasonable accommodation even if the employee has already exhausted 12 weeks of FMLA/CFRA leave.
- The employer must provide reasonable accommodations under the ADAAA to help the employee do their job.
Workplace Accommodations
In the workplace, FMLA leave requires reasonable accommodations, such as offering intermittent time off, allowing employees to work from home if the leave causes an undue hardship, and finding a comparable position for the employee to return to work.
These accommodations can help if the employee's exact position cannot be held open. Under the FMLA, employers must accommodate an employee's need for time off without threatening their employment.
A qualified employee with a disability may be entitled to leave as a reasonable accommodation even if they have not worked at the company for twelve months, have not worked the requisite 1,250 hours, or have already exhausted twelve weeks of FMLA/CFRA leave.
The only basis to deny leave requested as a reasonable accommodation is because it would be an undue hardship for the employer, as stated in 42 U.S.C. § 12112(b)(5)(A).
To determine if leave would be an undue hardship, consider the following:
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