
The Sunday Trading Act 1994 was a significant piece of legislation that changed the way shops operate on Sundays in the UK.
The Act allowed larger shops to open for longer hours on Sundays, but with some restrictions. Specifically, shops over 3,000 square feet in size could open for six consecutive hours on Sundays.
The Act also introduced some rules to balance the rights of shop owners with the needs of local communities. For example, shops were not allowed to open on Easter Sunday or Christmas Day.
Exemptions and Rights
Some categories of large shops are exempt from the Sunday Trading Act 1994, including airport shops, pharmacies, and petrol filling stations.
These exemptions are specified in the Act, and it's worth noting that small shops with a floor area of under 280 square metres may also choose to open if they wish to.
There are specific types of shops that are exempt, including farm shops that sell their own produce, goods from exhibition stalls, and shops in railway stations.
A list of exempt shop types includes:
- Airport shops
- Pharmacies
- Goods from exhibition stalls
- Farm shops that sell their own produce (including fishmongers)
- Petrol filling stations
- Railway stations
- Motorway service stations
Shop workers have rights regarding Sunday working, and the Act reflects the changing conditions of shop workers due to legislation.
Exemptions
Some shops are exempt from the Sunday Trading Act 1994, which means they can open on Sundays without restrictions. These exemptions include airport shops, pharmacies, and farm shops that sell their own produce, including fishmongers.
If you're wondering what other types of shops are exempt, here's a list:
- Airport shops
- Pharmacies
- Farm shops that sell their own produce (including fishmongers)
- Petrol filling stations
- Railway stations
- Motorway service stations
Small shops with a floor area of under 280 square metres (3,000 square feet) may also open if they wish to, giving them the freedom to decide their own Sunday trading hours.
It's worth noting that some exemptions have specific conditions or restrictions, such as the exemption for shops in railway stations, which may still be subject to certain rules.
Four Rights of Shop Workers
Shop workers have certain rights that are worth knowing about. One of the key rights is the right to refuse to work on Sundays, except for those employed solely to work on Sundays.
The Sunday Trading Act 1994 and Employment Rights Act 1996 consolidated this right for shop workers. This means that if you're a shop worker, you have the right to decline Sunday shifts, unless your job specifically requires you to work only on Sundays.

There are some exemptions to this rule, but they're mostly related to specific types of shops or locations. For example, airport shops, pharmacies, and petrol filling stations are exempt from the Sunday Trading Act 1994.
Here are some key categories of shops that are exempt from the Sunday Trading Act 1994:
- Airport shops
- Pharmacies
- Goods from exhibition stalls
- Farm shops that sell their own produce (including fishmongers)
- Petrol filling stations
- Railway stations
- Motorway service stations
Small shops with a floor area of under 280 square meters (3,000 square feet) may also choose to open on Sundays if they want to.
Legislation and Changes
The Sunday Trading Act 1994 is a piece of legislation that has undergone several changes since its enactment.
There are currently no known outstanding effects for the Sunday Trading Act 1994.
The Act has been amended several times, with the most recent change occurring on 22nd August 1996, when Sch. 4 paras. 1-20 were repealed by the Deregulation and Contracting Out Act 1994.
You can access the original print PDF of the as enacted version that was used for the print copy and correction slips.
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The timeline of changes for the Sunday Trading Act 1994 shows the different points in time where a change occurred, with the earliest date being 01/02/1991.
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The legislation carried on this site may not be fully up to date, with new effects being identified and recorded on this site at varying timescales.
The Act was partly in force at Royal Assent, with s. 9(3) being the relevant provision.
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The Sunday Trading Act 1994 has been modified several times, with the most recent change occurring on 9th December 2004, when Sch. 1 para. 3(2) was modified by the Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004.
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E+W Restrictions on Large Shops
The Sunday Trading Act 1994 has some specific rules for large shops. Large shops are prohibited from opening on Sunday for serving retail customers, except in certain circumstances.
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A shop is considered large if it has a floor area of over 280 square meters. This restriction applies to shops that are not specifically exempt, such as those mentioned in paragraph 3(1) of Schedule 1.
Some shops are exempt from this restriction, including those that are occupied by people observing the Jewish Sabbath. These shops are allowed to open on Sunday, but only if they have a notice under paragraph 8(1) of Schedule 2 to this Act.
Large shops are allowed to open for a limited period on Sunday, but only if they comply with specific conditions. They must open for a continuous period of six hours, starting no earlier than 10 am and ending no later than 6 pm.
However, this exemption does not apply on Easter Day or Christmas Day, when large shops are prohibited from opening.
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Transitional Provision
The Sunday Trading Act 1994 introduced significant changes to the way shops operate on Sundays. The Act repealed certain provisions in Schedule 4, specifically paragraphs 1-20, which were removed on August 22, 1996, as part of the 1996 c. 18 legislation.
This repeal was done in conjunction with other sections of the Act, and it's interesting to note that it was done in conjunction with sections 191-195 and 202.
The repeal of Schedule 4 paras. 1-20 also occurred on August 22, 1996, which highlights the importance of keeping track of legislative changes.
The Act also repealed Sch. 4 para. 21, which was removed on August 22, 1996, as part of the 1996 c. 17 legislation.
The repeal of Sch. 4 para. 23 occurred on December 1, 1994, as part of the 1994 c. 40 legislation, and it's worth noting that this repeal was done in conjunction with Sch. 17 and S.I. 1994/3037, art. 3(e)(viii).
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Shop Operations and Trading
A local authority can designate their area as a loading control area, but they must consult with people who will be affected by this decision.
To designate a loading control area, a local authority must pass a resolution and specify a date at least one month after the resolution is passed. They must also publish notice of the designation in an appropriate manner.
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A local authority can revoke a designation they made, but they must also consult with people who will be affected by this decision.
If a local authority designates a loading control area, Schedule 3 to the Act will impose restrictions on loading and unloading on Sundays before 9 a.m. at large shops in that area.
Large shops in loading control areas can only load and unload during normal business hours or with the consent of the local authority.
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Street Markets and Special Cases
Street markets and car boot sales are not regulated by the Sunday Trading Act 1994.
These events are subject to separate local planning legislation, which means their rules and restrictions vary depending on where you are.
This is in contrast to shops, which are governed by the Sunday Trading Act 1994.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do shops have to close by law on Easter Sunday?
No, shops are not required to close by law on Easter Sunday, unless it falls on a Sunday, in which case large shops must remain closed.
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