Nokia Oyj Wiki Business Operations and Technologies

Nokia Oyj is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics company.

The company was founded in 1865 and has a long history of innovation.

Nokia's business operations can be divided into three main segments: Network Infrastructure, Mobile Networks, and Technologies.

Nokia's technologies include 5G, cloud, and software.

The company has a strong focus on research and development, with a large research and development budget.

Nokia has a global presence with operations in over 130 countries.

The company has a diverse range of products and services, including mobile phones, routers, and network management software.

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Nokia's history dates back to 1865 as a wood pulp mill in Finland, where it began making paper sold to Russia, the UK, and France.

The company merged with the Finnish Rubber Company, which wanted to use its hydroelectricity plant, and later bought a large part of the Finnish Cable Works after World War Two.

In 1967, the three companies joined to form the Nokia Group, which marked the beginning of Nokia's foray into making electronic products.

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Nokia's first fully portable mobile phone was the Mobira Cityman 900 in 1987, and the company assisted in the development of the GSM mobile standard in the 1980s.

The world's first GSM call was made by Finnish prime minister Harri Holkeri on 1 July 1991 using Nokia equipment, on the 900 MHz band network built by Nokia and operated by Radiolinja.

Nokia overtook Motorola in 1998 to become the best-selling mobile phone brand, and its mobile phones were incredibly successful in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania.

The Nokia 3310 is one of the company's most well-known products, noted today for its toughness, and the Nokia 1100 is the best-selling mobile phone of all time, sold over 250 million units worldwide.

Nokia's first camera phone was the 7650, and its successor 3600/3650 was the first camera phone in the North American market, marking the company's entry into the camera phone market.

The N95 had a high-resolution 5-megapixel flash camera, and the N8 had a high-resolution 12-megapixel sensor, showcasing Nokia's advancements in camera technology.

Nokia's Symbian S60-based high-end phones and smartphones achieved popularity in the mid- to late-2000s, particularly in Europe and Asia, where they led the market.

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Nokia Networks is Nokia Corporation's largest division, a multinational data networking and telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Espoo, Finland.

It's the world's third-largest telecoms equipment manufacturer, measured by 2017 revenues, after Huawei and Cisco.

Nokia Networks has operations in around 150 countries.

The company provides wireless and fixed network infrastructure, communications and networks service platforms, and professional services to operators and service providers.

Nokia Networks focuses on GSM, EDGE, 3G/W-CDMA, LTE, and WiMAX radio access networks, supporting core networks with increasing IP and multiaccess capabilities and services.

In 2007, Nokia launched the Nokia Siemens Networks brand identity as a joint venture with Siemens, but it's now wholly owned by Nokia.

Nokia bought back all shares in Nokia Siemens Networks in 2013 for $2.21 billion and renamed it to Nokia Solutions and Networks, later changing it to simply Nokia Networks.

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Nokia Technologies is a division of Nokia that develops consumer products and licenses technology, including the Nokia brand. It focuses on areas such as imaging, sensing, wireless connectivity, and power management.

The company has three labs: Radio Systems Lab, Media Technologies Lab, and Sensor and Material Technologies Lab. These labs work on radio access, wireless local connectivity, multimedia and interaction, and advanced sensing solutions, among other areas.

Nokia Technologies launched its first product, the Nokia N1 tablet computer, in November 2014. It also introduced a VR camera called OZO in July 2015, designed for professional content creators and developed in Tampere, Finland.

The OZO camera features 8 synchronized shutter sensors and 8 microphones, allowing it to capture stereoscopic 3D video and spatial audio.

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Bell Labs, a research and scientific development company, was once the R&D arm of the American Bell System.

It became a subsidiary of Nokia Corporation after the takeover of Alcatel-Lucent in 2016. This takeover marked a significant shift in the company's ownership and direction.

Bell Laboratories was renamed Nokia Bell Labs after the takeover. The name change reflects the company's new affiliation with Nokia Corporation.

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Nokia Bell Labs is relocating its research facility from the 80-year-old Bell Labs facility at Murray Hill, New Jersey to a new location in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The move is expected to be completed before 2028.

The Murray Hill laboratories have a long history of producing important innovations for various companies, including AT&T Corp., Lucent Technologies, Alcatel-Lucent, and Nokia.

Nuage Networks is a venture that provides software-defined networking solutions. It was formed by Alcatel-Lucent in 2013 to develop a software overlay for automating and orchestrating hybrid clouds.

The company has been part of Nokia since 2016, following their acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent. Nuage Networks is based in Mountain View, California.

The CEO of Nuage Networks is Sunil Khandekar. In 2017, Nuage sealed deals with Vodafone and Telefónica to provide its SD-WAN architecture to their servers.

BT had already been a client since 2016. Nuage's software-defined networking technology was also used by China Mobile in January 2017 for 2,000 public cloud servers at existing data centers in China.

Another deal in October 2017 was with China Pacific Insurance Company.

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Nokia Technologies is a division of Nokia that develops consumer products and licenses technology, including the Nokia brand, with a focus on imaging, sensing, wireless connectivity, power management, and materials.

It consists of three labs: Radio Systems Lab, Media Technologies Lab, and Sensor and Material Technologies Lab, which cover various areas such as radio access, wireless local connectivity, multimedia, and advanced sensing solutions.

The company provides public participation in its development through the Invent with Nokia program, allowing people to contribute to its innovative projects.

In November 2014, Nokia Technologies launched its first product, the Nokia N1 tablet computer, which was manufactured by Foxconn.

The OZO VR camera, introduced in July 2015, is designed for professional content creators and features 8 synchronized shutter sensors and 8 microphones, enabling the capture of stereoscopic 3D video and spatial audio.

Production of the OZO camera was discontinued in 2017, but the immersive audio software technologies continue under the Nokia OZO brand, keeping Nokia in the virtual reality market.

Ramzi Haidamus stepped down as president of Nokia Technologies on August 31, 2016, and was succeeded by Brad Rodrigues as acting president.

Gregory Lee, previously CEO of Samsung Electronics in North America, was appointed Nokia Technologies CEO and president on June 30, 2017.

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Ovi was announced on August 29, 2007, as Nokia's "umbrella concept" Internet services. It's a personal dashboard where users can share photos with friends, download music, maps and games directly to their phones and access third-party services.

The services offered through Ovi include the Ovi Store, the Nokia Music Store, Nokia Maps, Ovi Mail, the N-Gage mobile gaming platform, Ovi Share, Ovi Files, and Contacts and Calendar.

The Ovi Store, Nokia's application store, was launched in May 2009, and it integrated several services, including the software Download! store, the MOSH repository, and the widget service WidSets.

Nokia also launched an online magazine called the Nokia Ovi on March 23, 2010, which contains articles on products by Nokia, tips and tricks on using Nokia devices, and news about Nokia's services and apps.

Here's a list of some of the services offered through Ovi:

Nokia Oyj has experienced significant fluctuations in its revenue over the years, with a high of €51.0 billion in 2007 and a low of €12.7 billion in 2013.

The company's net profit has also seen a downward trend, with a peak of €7.2 billion in 2007 and a low of -€1.1 billion in 2011. In 2014, Nokia reported a net profit of €3.4 billion, a significant improvement from previous years.

Here's a breakdown of Nokia's key financial metrics over the years:

Nokia's employee count has also seen a decline, from 112,000 in 2007 to 86,600 in 2023.

During this period, the company shifted its focus to online sales, launching its e-commerce platform in 2011.

The platform was designed to be user-friendly and mobile-optimized, allowing customers to easily browse and purchase products on their smartphones and tablets.

In 2012, the company expanded its product line to include a range of accessories and home goods.

Sales increased significantly after the launch of the e-commerce platform, with online sales accounting for 30% of total revenue by the end of 2012.

The company's e-commerce platform was also integrated with social media, allowing customers to share products and promotions with their friends and followers.

By 2013, the company had established a strong online presence, with over 1 million followers on social media and a customer base that spanned across the globe.

The company continued to invest in its e-commerce platform, implementing new features and technologies to improve the customer experience and increase sales.

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In 2016, the company underwent a significant restructuring effort, which led to the elimination of 15% of its workforce. This move was aimed at streamlining operations and improving efficiency.

The company's revenue growth slowed down in 2016, with a 2% decrease compared to the previous year. This was largely due to increased competition in the market.

In 2017, the company launched a new product line, which accounted for 20% of its total revenue by the end of the year. This product line was designed to cater to a growing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly products.

The company's operational costs increased by 10% in 2018, mainly due to the expansion of its manufacturing facilities. This expansion was necessary to meet the growing demand for its products.

By 2019, the company had successfully reduced its operational costs by 5% through the implementation of energy-efficient systems and process improvements. This move was in line with its goal of reducing its environmental impact.

Business trends for Nokia have been a rollercoaster ride over the years. The company's revenue has fluctuated greatly, ranging from 12.7 billion euros in 2013 to 24.9 billion euros in 2022.

The net profit, on the other hand, has been quite inconsistent. In 2007, Nokia reported a net profit of 7.2 billion euros, but by 2012, it had turned into a loss of 3.1 billion euros. The company didn't manage to turn its fortunes around until 2022, when it reported a net profit of 4.2 billion euros.

Nokia's total assets have also seen a significant decline, from 37.5 billion euros in 2007 to 25.1 billion euros in 2013. However, this trend reversed in 2014, and by 2022, the company's total assets had increased to 42.9 billion euros.

Here's a breakdown of Nokia's key financial metrics over the years:

The number of employees at Nokia has also seen a significant decline, from 112,000 in 2007 to 86,800 in 2022. However, the company has managed to stabilize its workforce in recent years, with a slight increase in 2024 to 80,300 employees.

The governance structure of Nokia is quite complex, but it's essentially divided among shareholders, the Nokia Leadership Team, and the board of directors.

The board of directors plays a crucial role in appointing the chairman and other members of the Nokia Leadership Team. The chairman can also be a member of the board of directors.

The board of directors has several committees, including the Audit Committee, the Personnel Committee, and the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee, which help with specific tasks and decision-making.

The company operates within the framework set by the Finnish Companies Act, Nokia's Articles of Association, and Corporate Governance Guidelines. These guidelines are supplemented by charters adopted by the board of directors.

In 2019, Nokia announced that it would discontinue the role of Chief Operating Officer (COO) and distribute its functions to other company leaders.

Operations is the backbone of any business, and it's where the magic happens. It's the part of the business where the products are made, the orders are fulfilled, and the customers are kept happy.

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Effective operations can make or break a business, and it's crucial to get it right. As we discussed earlier, streamlining processes can save time and money, and improve overall efficiency.

A well-planned supply chain is essential for smooth operations. For instance, sourcing materials from local suppliers can reduce lead times and lower transportation costs.

Inefficient inventory management can lead to stockouts and overstocking, which can be costly. By implementing a just-in-time inventory system, businesses can minimize waste and reduce costs.

Good communication is key to successful operations. Regular meetings and updates can help prevent misunderstandings and ensure everyone is on the same page.

Nokia is a public limited liability company that's been listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange since 1915.

The company has a rich history of being listed on various stock exchanges, including the New York Stock Exchange since 1994.

Nokia's shares were delisted from several exchanges, including the London Stock Exchange in 2003 and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 2012.

In 2007, Nokia's market capitalisation was a staggering €110 billion.

By 2012, the company's market capitalisation had plummeted to €6.28 billion.

However, with the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent in 2015, Nokia's market cap began to recover, reaching €26.07 billion by February 2015.

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Nokia's headquarters was located in the Nokia House building in Keilaniemi, Espoo, just outside Helsinki, Finland.

The building was quite large, with around 5000 employees working in the premises.

It was sold to Finland-based Exilion in December 2012 for €170 million, but Nokia continued to lease it back on a long term basis.

The building was later sold to Microsoft as part of the sale of Nokia's mobile phone business in April 2014, and was renamed to Microsoft Talo.

Nokia's headquarters is now located in Karaportti, Espoo, Finland.

Nokia Oyj has a well-defined corporate culture that guides its decision-making process. The Nokia Way emphasizes speed and flexibility in a flat, networked organization.

The company's official business language is English, used in all documentation and intra-company communication. This facilitates global communication and collaboration among employees.

Nokia has redefined its values over the years to reflect changing priorities. In 1992, the values were Respect, Achievement, Renewal, and Challenge. After employee suggestions, the values were revised in 2007 to Engaging You, Achieving Together, Passion for Innovation, and Very Human.

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As we explore the leadership and culture of a company, it's interesting to look at the people who have shaped its direction over the years.

The company has had a total of seven chief executive officers, each serving a unique tenure.

Björn Westerlund was the first CEO, serving from 1967 to 1977.

Kari Kairamo took over from 1977 to 1988, followed by Simo Vuorilehto from 1988 to 1992.

Jorma Ollila then led the company from 1992 to 2006, making him the longest-serving CEO.

Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo took over from 2006 to 2010, followed by Stephen Elop from 2010 to 2014.

Rajeev Suri then led the company from 2014 to 2020, and was succeeded by Pekka Lundmark from 2020 to 2025.

Justin Hotard is the current CEO, serving since 2025.

The company's chairpersons of the board of directors have also played a significant role in shaping its leadership.

Here is a list of the company's former CEOs and their tenures:

Nokia's corporate culture is built around its official manifesto, The Nokia Way, which emphasizes speed and flexibility in decision-making.

The company's flat, networked organization structure allows for quick and efficient decision-making, which is essential for staying competitive in the tech industry.

The official business language of Nokia is English, used in all documentation and intra-company communication.

This language standardization helps ensure that employees from different countries and backgrounds can communicate effectively.

Nokia's values have undergone several changes over the years, with the company redefining them in 2007 and again in 2014.

The new values defined in 2007 are Engaging You, Achieving Together, Passion for Innovation, and Very Human.

However, in 2014, the company reverted back to its original values from 1992, which are Respect, Achievement, Renewal, and Challenge.

This shift in values highlights the importance of adapting to changing circumstances and priorities.

Here are Nokia's values, as they have been defined over the years:

The logo of Nokia has undergone many changes since its inception in 1865. The first logo of Nokia Osakeyhtiö was used in 1865.

Over the years, Nokia has had several logos, including the Finnish Rubber Works logo used from 1965 to 1986. This logo was used by Finnish Rubber Works before it merged with Nokia.

Nokia introduced its iconic "arrows" logo in 1966, which was used until around 1997. This logo was used in advertising and products during that time.

The "Connecting People" advertising slogan was introduced by Nokia in 1992, coined by Ove Strandberg. This slogan was used in conjunction with the "arrows" logo.

In 2005, Nokia introduced a new typeface, Nokia Sans, which was used in products since 2002. This font was designed by Erik Spiekermann.

Here's a brief history of Nokia's logos:

Nokia faced a boycott in Iran in 2009, led by consumers sympathetic to the post-election protest movement, which targeted companies collaborating with the regime.

The boycott led to a significant drop in demand for Nokia's handsets and a decline in SMS messaging usage.

Nokia's expansion into new fields in the 1980s, mostly through acquisitions, ultimately led to financial problems and a major loss in its television manufacturing division.

The severe economic depression in Finland from 1990-1993 also hit Nokia hard, but under new management, the company was able to overhaul its telecommunications divisions and divest itself of non-core businesses.

A crucial strategic change in 1992 led Nokia to focus solely on telecommunications, resulting in a huge increase in sales to North America, South America, and Asia.

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Nokia faced a boycott of their products and services in Iran in July 2009, led by consumers sympathetic to the post-election protest movement.

The boycott targeted companies deemed to be collaborating with the regime, causing demand for handsets to fall and users to shun SMS messaging.

The Nokia-Apple patent dispute was a major controversy in the tech industry. In October 2009, Nokia filed a lawsuit against Apple Inc. in the U.S. District Court of Delaware, claiming that Apple infringed on 10 of its patents related to wireless communication.

Apple was quick to respond with a countersuit filed in December 2009, accusing Nokia of 11 patent infringements. Apple's General Counsel, Bruce Sewell, stated that other companies must compete by inventing their own technologies, not just by stealing theirs.

Nokia filed another suit with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), alleging Apple had infringed its patents in virtually all of its mobile phones, portable music players, and computers. Nokia asked the court to ban all U.S. imports of Apple products, including the iPhone, Macintosh, and iPod.

Apple countersued by filing a complaint with the ITC in January 2010. The two companies engaged in a lengthy and contentious dispute.

In June 2011, Apple settled with Nokia and agreed to an estimated one-time payment of $600 million and royalties to Nokia. The two companies also agreed on a cross-licensing of patents for some of their patented technologies.

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The name 'Nokia' is derived from the river Nokianvirta, on the banks of which the company was established.

The world's first commercial GSM call was made in 1991 in Helsinki over a Nokia-supplied network, by Prime Minister of Finland Harri Holkeri, using a Nokia phone.

The "Nokia Tune" which is found on all Nokia phones is based on a 19th-century guitar work named “Gran Vals” by Spanish musician Francisco Tarrega.

The world's first satellite call was made in 1994, using a Nokia GSM handset.

Nokia has been actively expanding its business through strategic acquisitions. On November 16, 2005, Nokia acquired Intellisync Corporation for its data and PIM synchronization software.

Nokia has also merged its mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses with Siemens AG to create Nokia Siemens Networks. This joint venture was formed on June 19, 2006, and is headquartered in Espoo, Finland.

The company has made several other notable acquisitions, including Loudeye Corporation for approximately US $60 million in 2006, and Navteq, a U.S.-based supplier of digital mapping data, for $8.1 billion in 2008.

Nokia acquired Intellisync Corporation, a provider of data and PIM synchronization software, in 2006 for an undisclosed amount. This acquisition was a strategic move to enhance Nokia's mobile data capabilities.

In 2006, Nokia and Siemens AG merged their mobile and fixed-line phone network equipment businesses to create Nokia Siemens Networks, one of the world's largest network firms. This joint venture had a 50% stake in the infrastructure company and was headquartered in Espoo, Finland.

Nokia acquired Loudeye Corporation, an online music distributor, in 2006 for approximately $60 million. This acquisition aimed to develop an online music service that could generate handset sales.

Nokia acquired Twango, a comprehensive media sharing solution, in July 2007. This acquisition expanded Nokia's capabilities in media sharing and organization.

Nokia acquired Navteq, a U.S.-based supplier of digital mapping data, in 2007 for $8.1 billion. This acquisition was finalized in July 2008 and significantly enhanced Nokia's mapping capabilities.

Nokia acquired OZ Communications, a privately held company with approximately 220 employees, in September 2008. This acquisition expanded Nokia's capabilities in mobile messaging and content sharing.

Nokia acquired cellity, a privately owned mobile software company, in July 2009. This acquisition was completed on August 5, 2009, and expanded Nokia's capabilities in mobile software development.

Nokia acquired Plum Ventures, a privately held company, in September 2009. This acquisition complemented Nokia's Social Location services and expanded its capabilities in location-based services.

Nokia acquired Novarra, a mobile web browser firm, in March 2010. Novarra was a privately held company based in Chicago, IL, and provided a mobile browser and service platform.

Nokia acquired MetaCarta, a company whose technology was planned to be used in local search, particularly involving location and other services, in April 2010.

In February 2011, Nokia formed a strategic alliance with Microsoft, a move that would significantly impact the company's future.

Nokia's CEO at the time, Stephen Elop, a former Microsoft employee, unveiled the alliance, which would see the company replace Symbian and MeeGo with Windows Phone 7.

This decision was not well-received by consumers, leading to an 11% decline in Nokia's stock price.

Nokia planned to reduce spending on research and development, instead focusing on customizing and enhancing the Windows Phone 7 software line.

The company's "applications and content store" (Ovi) would be integrated into the Windows Phone Marketplace, and Nokia Maps would be at the heart of Microsoft's Bing and AdCenter.

Microsoft would provide developer tools to Nokia, replacing the Qt framework that wouldn't be supported on Windows Phone 7 devices.

Symbian was rebranded as a "franchise platform", with Nokia planning to sell 150 million Symbian devices into the future.

Nokia's emphasis on MeeGo shifted to longer-term exploration, with plans to ship a MeeGo-related product later in 2011.

Microsoft's search engine, Bing, would become the default search engine for all Nokia phones.

Nokia would also get some level of customization on Windows Phone 7, a move that was seen as a compromise.

The alliance was seen as a major blow to Nokia's reputation, with the company's share price falling by 14% in the aftermath.

This was the biggest drop in Nokia's share price since July 2009.

The alliance was also seen as a strategic move to make Microsoft's Windows Phone 7 a stronger contender against Android and iOS.

However, the move ultimately backfired, with Nokia being overtaken by Apple as the world's biggest smartphone maker by volume in June 2011.

Chris Weber, head of Nokia's US subsidiary, acknowledged the importance of the alliance, stating that success with Windows Phone was crucial for the company's future.

Nokia's divisions are a significant part of its operations. The company comprises three business groups: Mobile Solutions, Mobile Phones, and Markets.

Mobile Solutions is responsible for Nokia's portfolio of smartphones and mobile computers, including the more expensive multimedia and enterprise-class devices. This unit is led by Anssi Vanjoki, along with Tero Ojanperä (for Services) and Alberto Torres (for MeeGo Computers). Alberto Torres has stepped down.

Mobile Phones is responsible for Nokia's portfolio of affordable mobile phones, as well as a range of services that people can access with them. This unit provides the general public with mobile voice and data products across a range of devices, including high-volume, consumer-oriented mobile phones.

Markets is responsible for Nokia's supply chains, sales channels, brand and marketing functions of the company, and is responsible for delivering mobile solutions and mobile phones to the market. The unit is headed by Niklas Savander.

Nokia's locations are spread across the globe. The company has its headquarters in Keilaniemi, Espoo, Finland, and also has office premises in Peltola neighborhood in Oulu, Finland.

Here are some of Nokia's locations:

Nokia was divided into three business groups since July 1, 2010: Mobile Solutions, Mobile Phones, and Markets.

These groups receive operational support from the Corporate Development Office, which is led by Kai Öistämö and responsible for exploring corporate strategic and future growth opportunities.

Mobile Solutions is responsible for Nokia's portfolio of smartphones and mobile computers, including the more expensive multimedia and enterprise-class devices.

The unit is led by Anssi Vanjoki, along with Tero Ojanperä (for Services) and Alberto Torres (for MeeGo Computers), although Alberto Torres has stepped down.

Nokia's Networks business group was combined with Siemens' carrier-related operations for fixed and mobile networks to form Nokia Siemens Networks, jointly owned by Nokia and Siemens and consolidated by Nokia, on April 1, 2007.

Mobile Phones is responsible for Nokia's portfolio of affordable mobile phones, as well as a range of services that people can access with them.

The unit provides the general public with mobile voice and data products across a range of devices, including high-volume, consumer-oriented mobile phones, and is headed by Mary T. McDowell.

Markets is responsible for Nokia's supply chains, sales channels, brand, and marketing functions of the company.

The unit is headed by Niklas Savander and is responsible for delivering mobile solutions and mobile phones to the market.

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Nokia has a significant presence in several locations around the world.

The company's headquarters is located in Keilaniemi, Espoo, Finland, which is also home to the Nokia headquarters (part).

Nokia has office premises in the Peltola neighborhood in Oulu, Finland.

Bochum, Germany is another location where Nokia has a presence.

The city of Bochum is even home to a Nokia train station, which features the company's logo prominently in the background.

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Nokia has received recognition for its brand trust in India. The Brand Trust Report published by Trust Research Advisory ranked Nokia in the 1st position among the brands in India.

Nokia has a long history of innovation, but it's also worth noting that the company was established in 1865, making it a significant player in the industry for over 150 years.

The table below highlights some of the key Symbian models released by Nokia, showcasing their commitment to developing user-friendly and feature-rich mobile devices.

Nokia's commitment to innovation and user experience has earned it recognition in the industry.