
The contract research organization (CRO) industry is a fascinating field that offers a wide range of career paths and opportunities for growth.
CROs are responsible for conducting clinical trials and research studies on behalf of pharmaceutical companies and other clients, and the industry is expected to continue growing at a rapid pace, with a projected global market size of $83.7 billion by 2025.
Working in a CRO can be a rewarding experience, with opportunities to work on a variety of projects, collaborate with cross-functional teams, and contribute to the development of new treatments and therapies.
The CRO industry is also known for its competitive compensation packages, with salaries ranging from $60,000 to over $150,000 per year, depending on experience and position.
Additional reading: Experience Modifier
What is a CRO?
A CRO, or Contract Research Organization, is a company that provides support to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries in the form of research services outsourced on a contract basis.
They offer a wide range of services, including biopharmaceutical development, clinical development, clinical trials management, and pharmacovigilance. CROs aim to simplify the entry into drug markets and streamline the drug development process by providing specialized expertise and resources.
The International Council on Harmonisation defines a CRO as a person or organization contracted by the sponsor to perform one or more of a sponsor's trial-related duties and functions.
A sponsor may transfer any or all of their trial-related duties and functions to a CRO, but the ultimate responsibility for the quality and integrity of the trial data always resides with the sponsor.
CROs are hired by sponsors to plan, coordinate, execute, and manage the lifecycle of the clinical trial, safely and efficiently. They serve as the main contact between the sponsor and other stakeholders throughout the trial.
Here are some key services offered by CROs:
- Biopharmaceutical development: assisting in the development of new drugs, from preclinical studies to early-phase clinical trials.
- Clinical development: designing and managing clinical trials, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and ethical standards.
- Clinical trials management: overseeing all aspects of clinical trials, including site selection, patient recruitment, data collection, and safety monitoring.
- Pharmacovigilance: monitoring the safety of drugs and medical devices during clinical trials and after they are on the market.
- Real-world evidence and outcomes research: collecting and analyzing data from real-world sources, such as electronic health records, to generate evidence on the safety and effectiveness of drugs and medical devices.
Choosing the right CRO to run your clinical trial is crucial to its success. When selecting a CRO, sponsors should evaluate the qualification, experience, and quality system processes of the CRO.
CRO Services and Structure
A Contract Research Organization (CRO) acts as a bridge between the sponsor and the rest of the actors involved in the clinical trial. This unique role allows CROs to provide a wide range of services to their clients.
CROs can be categorized into two main types: global and specialized CROs. Global CROs are large companies with operations all over the world, providing greater integrated geographical coverage, while local companies may have more in-depth knowledge of a particular country's nuances and demographics.
CROs offer a wide range of services, including biopharmaceutical development, clinical development, clinical trials management, and pharmacovigilance. These services aim to simplify the entry into drug markets and streamline the drug development process by providing specialized expertise and resources.
Some of the key services offered by CROs include:
- Biopharmaceutical development: CROs assist in the development of new drugs, from preclinical studies to early-phase clinical trials.
- Clinical development: CROs design and manage clinical trials, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and ethical standards.
- Clinical trials management: CROs oversee all aspects of clinical trials, including site selection, patient recruitment, data collection, and safety monitoring.
- Pharmacovigilance: CROs monitor the safety of drugs and medical devices during clinical trials and after they are on the market.
- Real-world evidence and outcomes research: CROs collect and analyze data from real-world sources, such as electronic health records, to generate evidence on the safety and effectiveness of drugs and medical devices.
CROs also provide clinical trial services, including regulatory affairs, clinical trial planning, site selection and initiation, recruitment support, clinical monitoring, data management, trial logistics, biostatistics, medical writing, and project management.
Additional reading: Virtual Debit Card for Free Trial
Market and Growth
The contract research organization (CRO) industry has experienced significant growth in recent years. As of 2013, there were over 1,100 CROs in the world, despite trends toward consolidation.
Many CROs have been acquired or gone out of business, leading to a fragmented market. The top 10 companies controlled 56% of the market in 2008 and 55% in 2009.
The global CRO market size stood at $38,396.4 million in 2018 and is projected to reach $90,926.3 million by the end of 2026, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.4%.
Market Size and Growth
The CRO market has undergone significant changes in recent years, with a notable trend of consolidation. Over 1,100 CROs existed worldwide as of 2013.
This fragmentation is evident in the market share, where the top 10 companies controlled 56% in 2008 and 55% in 2009.
The industry has seen a significant shift in market size, with the global CRO market standing at $38,396.4 million in 2018. It's projected to reach $90,926.3 million by the end of 2026, indicating a substantial growth potential.
Global Network
The global network of clinical sites plays a crucial role in the success of clinical trials. This network, consisting of sites within Thermo Fisher Scientific's PPD clinical research business and partner sites, offers access to a diverse pool of healthy volunteers and specialty populations worldwide.
Having a global network allows for a more efficient recruitment process, as it taps into a larger and more diverse pool of potential participants. This is especially important for studies requiring specific demographics or patient populations.
The experienced staff at these sites provides external oversight, ensuring that trials are conducted in compliance with regulatory requirements. They also provide training to principal investigators and site staff, guaranteeing the safety and well-being of patients.
Thermo Fisher Scientific's global network is a prime example of how having a well-established presence in multiple countries can streamline the clinical trial process.
Readers also liked: Ohio Scientific
Top CROs by Revenue
The top Contract Research Organizations (CROs) by revenue are a key part of the market. Labcorp takes the top spot with $14.00B in revenue in 2020.
Intriguing read: Top 10 Fund Administration Companies in the World
IQVIA comes in second with $11.35B in revenue in 2020, a significant amount that highlights the importance of CROs in the industry. PPD, Inc. and Syneos Health follow closely with $4.68B and $4.41B in revenue respectively.
Charles River Laboratories and ICON PLC also make the list with $2.92B and $2.79B in revenue in 2020. Parexel and Wuxi Apptec trail behind with $2.44B and $1.01B in revenue in 2017, although their numbers are still impressive.
Medpace rounds out the list with $0.92B in revenue in 2020. Here's a list of the top CROs by revenue:
- Labcorp ($14.00B revenue in 2020)
- IQVIA ($11.35B revenue in 2020)
- PPD, Inc. ($4.68B revenue in 2020)
- Syneos Health ($4.41B revenue in 2020)
- Charles River Laboratories ($2.92B revenue in 2020)
- ICON PLC ($2.79B revenue in 2020)
- Parexel ($2.44B revenue in 2017)
- Wuxi Apptec ($1.01B revenue in 2017)
- Medpace ($0.92B revenue in 2020)
Top CROs and Careers
Clinical research offers a wide range of exciting career opportunities, including roles like Clinical Research Associate (CRA), Clinical Project Manager, Data Manager, Biostatistician, and Medical Writer.
To pursue these careers, you'll typically need a strong educational background in life sciences or a related field, such as a bachelor's or master's degree in a scientific discipline.
Professional certifications, like the Certified Clinical Research Associate (CCRA) certification, can enhance your career prospects and demonstrate expertise in the field.
Career advancement in clinical research is possible, with experienced professionals progressing to more senior roles, such as Clinical Project Manager or Clinical Operations Director.
To advance in your career, it's essential to stay updated with industry trends and continue your education, as well as network with other professionals in the field.
Take a look at this: American Society of Pension Professionals & Actuaries
Trial Management and Resources
Clinical trials conducted by CROs are completed on average 30 days faster than those conducted by sponsor companies. This efficiency is crucial for patients waiting on life-saving therapies and for sponsors trying to get products to market quickly.
A CRO acts as the main contact between the sponsor and other stakeholders, communicating with ethics and compliance committees, regulatory personnel, vendors, physicians, and research coordinators. This coordination is essential for a trial's success.
CROs provide a wide range of services, including regulatory affairs, clinical trial planning, site selection and initiation, recruitment support, and data management. These services can help sponsors streamline their trial process and reduce costs.
For another approach, see: Docusign Free Trial Limitations
Trial Management
Clinical trials conducted by CROs are completed on average 30 days faster than those conducted by sponsor companies.
A Contract Research Organization (CRO) serves as the main contact between the sponsor and other stakeholders throughout the trial, communicating with ethics and compliance committees, regulatory personnel, vendors, physicians, and research coordinators.
Typical CRO services in the medical device industry include regulatory affairs, clinical trial planning, site selection and initiation, recruitment support, clinical monitoring, data management, trial logistics, biostatistics, medical writing, and project management.
Every day counts for both patients and sponsors, as time spent in the development process counts against the patent protection period after the drug goes to market, affecting sales revenue.
Resources for Professionals
As a clinical research professional, it's essential to stay up-to-date with the latest industry developments and best practices.
The Association of Clinical Research Professionals (ACRP) and the Society of Clinical Research Associates (SoCRA) offer a wealth of educational resources and networking opportunities.
Industry publications, online forums, and conferences are also great ways to stay informed and connect with peers in the field.
Professional certifications, such as those offered by ACRP and SoCRA, can help you stand out in your career and demonstrate your expertise to employers and clients.
ACRP and SoCRA provide a range of resources and support to help you navigate the complexities of clinical research.
Choosing a CRO
Choosing a CRO is crucial to the success of your clinical trial. It's essential to evaluate the qualification, experience, and quality system processes of the CRO.
A good CRO should have an established quality system with procedures to address clinical study activities. This ensures that the trial is conducted with the highest level of quality and compliance with national and international standards.
When selecting a CRO, it's also important to consider their responsiveness and willingness to work with you throughout the project. A responsive CRO will communicate effectively and address any concerns you may have.
Stable project teams with low turnover rates are also essential. This ensures that your project is managed by experienced professionals who are committed to its success.
A good CRO should be able to assist with data management, recruit and manage safety boards or committees, and conduct audits to help you prepare for BIMO FDA inspections.
Here are some key questions to ask when choosing a CRO:
- Do they have an established quality system, with procedures to address the assigned clinical study activities?
- Are they responsive and willing to work with you and communicate throughout the project?
- Do they have stable project teams is there high turnover?
- Can they assist with data management?
- Will they help you recruit and manage safety boards or committees?
- Will they be able to conduct audits to help you prepare to pass BIMO FDA inspections?
- Can they provide general site support and project management help in addition to clinical monitoring?
Key Functions and Role
A Contract Research Organization (CRO) plays a crucial role in the research process, from the early stages of drug discovery and development to the final stages of clinical trials and commercialization.
CROs offer a wide range of services, including study start-up, monitoring, and statistical analysis, as well as pharmacovigilance services to detect and act on adverse events. They also provide administrative activities such as strategic consulting, protocol development, and laboratory services.
Some of the key functions of CROs include protocol design and development, patient recruitment and retention, regulatory and ethics compliance, clinical trial operation, data management and biostatistics, and quality assurance and control. CROs employ various strategies to identify and enroll eligible patients for clinical trials, ensuring that participant targets are met.
Here are some of the key functions of CROs:
- Protocol design and development
- Patient recruitment and retention
- Regulatory and ethics compliance
- Clinical trial operation
- Data management and biostatistics
- Quality assurance and control
CROs work closely with their clients to design and execute clinical trials, ensuring adherence to regulatory requirements and ethical standards. By outsourcing research services to a CRO, pharmaceutical companies can simplify the entry into drug markets and streamline the drug development process.
See what others are reading: Meyer Brothers Drug Company
CRO's Role in Pharma Development
CROs play a major role in ensuring safe, ethical clinical trials that are essential to developing new, life-changing drugs and medical devices that benefit millions of patients worldwide.
A CRO can provide a wide range of services, including study start-up, monitoring, pharmacovigilance, statistical analysis, and data management.
Some of the key functions of CROs include protocol design and development, patient recruitment and retention, regulatory and ethics compliance, and clinical trial operation.
Here are some of the specific services that a CRO may offer:
- Study start-up: site selection, patient recruitment, and monitoring
- Pharmacovigilance: detection and action in case of any adverse event (AE)
- Statistical analysis and data management: generating reports and controlling documentation
- Protocol development: creating robust and scientifically sound study protocols
- Patient recruitment and retention: employing strategies to identify and enroll eligible patients
- Regulatory and ethics compliance: navigating complex regulatory requirements and ensuring adherence to ethical considerations
- Clinical trial operation: managing the day-to-day operations of clinical trials
- Data management and biostatistics: collecting, scrutinizing, and analyzing trial data
By outsourcing clinical trial services to a CRO, sponsors can simplify the entry into drug markets and streamline the drug development process, while ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and ethical standards.
Career Requirements

To succeed in clinical research careers, professionals typically need a strong educational background in life sciences or a related field. Many positions require a bachelor's or master's degree in a scientific discipline.
A Clinical Research Associate (CRA) role, for example, often demands a bachelor's or master's degree in a scientific field.
Professional certifications, such as the Certified Clinical Research Associate (CCRA) certification, can enhance career prospects and demonstrate expertise in the field.
Explore further: Yadana Gas Field
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are CROs struggling?
CROs are struggling due to outdated methods that hinder regulatory compliance, data accuracy, and operational productivity. Upgrading to sophisticated tools and agile processes can help transform these challenges into opportunities for growth.
Featured Images: pexels.com


